Data

I have graded all forty-four presidents, and I want to show the work. What follows is the whole method, written out so that someone else can reproduce it, attack it, and see exactly where my judgment enters. The short version: the letter grades are mine, and the underlying scores are not. Every number below comes from C-SPAN’s 2021 Historians Survey, and the transcription was checked three independent ways before I used any of it. ...